Explaining the optimal livability model for Afghan immigrants in Mashhad

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Article (Applied - Development)

Authors

1 Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran

2 Ph.D. Student of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran

10.22103/JUSG.2026.2192

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explain the optimal livability model for Afghan migrants in Mashhad. Livability is defined as the quality and conditions that make a place or environment suitable and desirable for human life.
Data and Method: This study employed a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative phase, data were collected from 24 experts in Afghan migration affairs using qualitative content analysis and interviews. The validity of the instrument was confirmed through the CVR index, and its reliability was verified using Cohen's Kappa coefficient. In the quantitative phase, data were collected from 384 Afghan migrants in Mashhad using a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed via construct validity, and its reliability was calculated with Cronbach's alpha (0.85).
Results: The results revealed that livability for Afghan migrants can be explained through a model comprising key components such as environmental quality, public transportation, adequate housing, urban infrastructure, safety and security, healthcare services, education, employment and economic opportunities, social support and public participation, culture and recreation, and a sense of identity and belonging.
Conclusion: Despite the serious attention of the authorities, Afghan refugees need more attention in some aspects of livability. This is possible through self-help and empowerment. One of the innovative aspects of this research is the provision of a comprehensive model for assessing the livability of refugees and its application in urban policy-making. This research can help better plan for the settlement and integration of immigrants in cities.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Journal of Urban Social Geography

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 23 September 2026

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History

  • Receive Date: 30 January 2026
  • Revise Date: 17 March 2027
  • Accept Date: 19 April 2025

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